The first part of the paper refers to the legal framework at the level of the European Union regarding commercial companies. The analyzed area is regulated largely by the member states of the Union, which, however, are obliged, by virtue of their statute, to permanently adapt their internal legal order on the matter to that of the Union, by appropriating the primary legislation, the regulations and by transposing the corresponding directives. This imperative is determined by the priority of EU law over national legislation. In this sense, we will comment on the main legal provisions of the Union, which aim at: companies’ formation, their capital, the obligation to communicate information; the legal situation of the companies that carry out activities in several countries. The second part of the paper highlights some important cases from the jurisprudence of the CJEU, which determine relevant directions in the field. The work is of great interest for specialists, but especially for the member states, which must comply with the Union framework legislation in the field. Equally, this information is important for the commercial companies, which are obliged to respect and apply exactly the commented regulations.
Keywords
trading companies; legislation; jurisprudence; European Union
Money is a fundamental element of any economy, playing a crucial role in ensuring the smooth functioning of economic and commercial activities. Over time, money has undergone continuous evolution, adapting to the needs of society and technological advancements. The monetary system has constantly evolved, reaching its most recent stage of development the emergence of digital currencies. These represent an innovative category of financial instruments and include three main types: crypto assets, stablecoins, and central bank digital currencies (CBDCs). Crypto-assets were the first to emerge on the market as decentralized alternatives to traditional financial systems. One of their main characteristics is high volatility, which makes them difficult to use as a stable means of payment. For this reason, stablecoins were developed to provide a more predictable value, being backed by assets such as fiat currencies, gold, or other financial instruments. Since control over the money supply is essential for a country’s economic policies, central authorities have initiated the development of central bank digital currencies (CBDCs). These are designed to combine the benefits of digitalization with the stability provided by national and international financial institutions. In some cases, CBDCs are developed exclusively by central banks, while other initiatives involve collaborations between multiple financial institutions to ensure an efficient and well-regulated implementation of these new forms of digital currency. Our paper discusses the evolution of crypto assets as well as some key aspects regarding central bank digital currency.
In an era defined by the rapid advancement of digital technologies, the banking sector is undergoing a profound transformation. This evolution is absolutely necessary in order to enhance operational efficiency, ensure high security for financial transactions, and meet the growing expectations of the clientele. However, the changes in banking services and products cannot occur without challenges. While they bring numerous advantages, such as increased accessibility and faster transactions, they also introduce certain risks. These risks include cybersecurity threats, regulatory challenges, and the need for continuous technological adaptation. To address these concerns, banks are actively seeking ways to mitigate potential threats while simultaneously embracing innovation. The constant need to keep up with technological progress has led to the emergence of new trends in the banking sector. Digitalization, automation, and the integration of artificial intelligence are shaping the future of financial services, offering both opportunities and challenges for institutions and consumers alike. In this study we aim to highlight the main characteristics of the transition from traditional to digital banking, the main advantages and risks, as well as the future trends of the digitized banking sector.
Keywords
digitalization; banking sector; key technologies; opportunities and risks; future trends
Over time, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has evolved from abstract theories into practical solutions, fundamentally transforming how data is managed and used in financial institutions, as well as the services offered to their customers. In this paper, I will highlight the impact of AI-based technologies, focusing on evaluating the necessity of their use in financial institutions and analyzing customers’ preferences for new products and services. As such, I have conducted a detailed analysis of the benefits and risks associated with AI technologies in the financial sector, considering the perspectives of both financial institutions and their customers. As future research directions, we plan to examine the influence of the widespread implementation of AI technologies on job availability.
FinTechs have experienced significant growth in the post-pandemic period, both in terms of the number of new companies established and, more importantly, their complexity. Their advantages attracted the attention of many banking clients, forcing the traditional banking institutions to reduce their fees and integrate the newly technological developments into their processes and products. As we look ahead, several exciting trends are expected to redefine the FinTech industry. Within this paper we investigate the benefits and risks that arise with the development of the FinTech industry and provide an overall image of the financial technologies landscape in the European Union and Romania. This paper points towards the fact that FinTechs have the potential to significantly change the financial sector landscape by providing innovative products and services which respond to users’ needs for security, speed, and low cost.
Keywords
Fintech; international payments; financial inclusion; blockchain; banking; technologies
The research is related to identifying strategies for developing new methods for working with students using experiential learning. We try to discover if this type of learning by using role playing, gamification, simulation games generated in the mind of people who want to develop skills more interest rather than classical teaching methods. Another objective is to search and identify other experiential learning methods or models applied in the education process. The methodological approach is based on used of the bibliometric software R-Stata Bibliometrix, Science Mapping Workflow and the results on authors search about experiential learning in the international databased SCOPUS and we select articles in the field of business management and accounting.
